Title: Space
Course: EN_Overall composition > Section: 3. The elements of art and design

Reflection and exercise

Think about the spaces that are part of your everyday life.

- What are they and what characterises them?

 Every place is different. It can be inviting, cheerful, bright and colourful but also gloomy, dark, mysterious. It can be wide and open or narrow and crowded.

- Name five different places and attribute characteristics to them.
- Work on the worksheet

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A space is a place and it is always a part of artwork, even if it is simply where the work is displayed.

There are different types of spaces an artist can achieve for different effect. Positive space refers to the areas of the work with a subject, while negative space is the space without a subject. Open and closed space coincides with 3D art, like sculptures, where open spaces are empty, and closed spaces contain physical sculptural elements.

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Watch the video to get an introduction into the Element “Space”.
And: Don't forget the work-table ...

Elements of Art: Space | KQED Arts (4:53)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U11B_0FCn6o

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Artists use space dense, open, cluttered, symmetrical, shallow or flat, for example.

See in the h5p-files examples of artworks from Caspar David Friedrich and Raphael and identify how the artists are using space in their work.

h5ps enclosed:

- Spatal Illusion in landscape painting
- Perspective through horizon
- Spatal illusion through perspective

Watch the summary “Six ways to create the illusion of space”, that shows how artists use

Overlap
Shading
Placement
Size
Value and Focus
Linear Perspective

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nS4HhudIN4s&t=6s

Other good summary is the presentation done by the art teacher Julianna Kunstler to summerize how artists create space in art works working with vanishing points and lines.

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Practise

Remember the arrangement of the apples in the previous presentation.

Choose one object, that you position in space in different ways in simple sketches and : create an "illusion" of depth in three different ways!

- Use size relationship, placement of the objects, overlapping, change of value, contrast or atmospheric perspective.

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Further development: (Exercises)

- How to draw an object in 1-point perspective?

https://juliannakunstler.com/presentation_1pointperspective.html

- How to draw an object in 2-point perspective?

https://juliannakunstler.com/presentation_2pointperspective.html

- 3-point perspective

To draw an object in 3-point perspective you should always start drawing your object with the closest part, the front corner. See it on the last two images in the "Space" slideshow.